Ear Infection
What is an ear infection?
An ear infection occurs when fluid becomes trapped in the middle ear, usually following a viral or bacterial illness. This causes pain and pressure behind the eardrum. While ear infections are most common in children, they can affect people of all ages. They may be acute (short-lived) or chronic (recurring or long-lasting).
What causes ear infections?
Ear infections typically develop after a cold or upper respiratory infection. These illnesses can cause inflammation of the Eustachian tube—the passage that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose—leading to fluid buildup. In children, this tube is shorter and more easily blocked, making them especially vulnerable. When fluid can't drain, bacteria or viruses can grow, leading to infection.
What are the symptoms of an ear infection?
Common symptoms include ear pain, pressure, fluid drainage, hearing loss, and sometimes a low-grade fever. Infants may cry excessively, pull at their ears, refuse to eat, or have trouble sleeping. Chronic ear infections may cause milder but more persistent symptoms. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications.
How are ear infections treated?
Initial treatment often includes home care such as applying a warm compress and using over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen (never aspirin for children). If the infection is persistent or chronic, doctors may prescribe antibiotics. In cases where infections continue despite medication, ear tubes may be surgically inserted to help ventilate the middle ear and prevent fluid buildup.
What happens if an ear infection is not treated?
Untreated chronic ear infections can lead to serious complications, including hearing loss, damage to the middle ear bones, balance issues, cholesteatoma (a cyst in the ear), facial paralysis, and even inflammation of the brain. Early treatment is essential. Preventive measures—such as breastfeeding, staying up to date on vaccinations, practicing good hygiene, avoiding tobacco smoke, and choosing smaller daycare settings—can also help reduce the risk.
